Let There Be Blood: Part One: England
Main Idea: The Age of Absolutism ended in England with the beheading of Charles I, triggering a Civil War.
Main Idea: The Age of Absolutism ended in England with the beheading of Charles I, triggering a Civil War.
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Divine Right--the ancient belief that the right of a king to rule is given by God
But...Magna Carta 1215 signed by King John said that king needed permission of Parliament to get monies/taxes. (Power of the Purse)
Kings and Queens before Charles used Parliament to rule
Charles I--needed money for wars, couldn't get it without calling the Parliament. Parl. said no money without rights
· Parliament- made up of two houses,
o House of Commons (two knights and two townsmen from each area of England)
o House of Lords (Nobles).
·Charles needs money, grants rights to English through Parliament
· New Rights:
o Habeas Corpus---cannot imprison citizens without just cause
o no taxes without Parliament's consent
o no quartering of soldiers in private homes
o no martial law (shoot to kill) during peacetime
· 1. Charles I signs it, then ignores it
· 2. Charles sends Parliament home
· 3. Mob attacks palace. Charles flees to Northern England.
· 4. Civil War--
· Loyalists/Cavaliers (loyal to king) versus Puritans/Roundheads (those who want him overthrown)
· Roundheads led by brilliant general, Oliver Cromwell
· 1646 Roundheads win
· 1649 Charles in beheaded.
Oliver Cromwell, Roundhead Leader
Wed, March 7
The English Republic
Main Idea: After the execution of Charles I, England was a republic for eleven years. Video: English Civil War and Interregnum
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| Oliver Cromwell's Head |
Republic--a nation where the citizens elect their leaders. England was a Republic for 11 years during the time of Cromwell. (Interregnum)
Oliver Cromwell--became Lord Protector of England (basically had dictatorial powers)
built strong army and navy
enacted strict social laws on entertainment
chose his son to succeed him
given a king's burial at death, but later dug up, hung, and had his head on a pike
Restoration--the time when the monarchy was restored in England. Charles I was replaced by his son Charles II.
Cromwell's Head
Cromwell's Head 7 minutes
John Locke *Human beings basically tend towards good
John Locke in 3 minutes *Humans can learn from experience and improve themselves
(Warning: Several bad words) *People should be able to govern themselves
*All people are born free and equal
*All people are born with certain NATURAL RIGHTS
*The biggest are life, liberty and property
Purpose of the Government *to protect each person's rights
*if the government fails to protect rights, people have the
right to overthrow the government and start a new one.
***This was very big to the Founding Fathers! Remember, the British was quartering soldiers in American homes, was taxing colonists without representation, and was violating habeas corpus.
The Founding Fathers drew heavily from John Locke.
Rosseau human beings are born good, not evil, and are corrupted by human nature.
babies are born as tabula rasa, blank slates
influence on Locke
The Philosophes *French philosophers
*influenced by Englishmen Locke and Hobbes
*believed one could use Reason to solve all of society's problems *Five Basic Philisophe Concepts
1. Reason *could lead men to truth
2. Nature *there are Natural Laws governing all things
3. Happiness *a person living under and with natural laws will be happy
4. Progress *a society of reasoned people will improve over time.
5. Liberty *all human beings deserve to live free of Oppression.
Enlightenment Ideas and the United States
Oliver Cromwell--became Lord Protector of England (basically had dictatorial powers)
built strong army and navy
enacted strict social laws on entertainment
chose his son to succeed him
given a king's burial at death, but later dug up, hung, and had his head on a pike
Restoration--the time when the monarchy was restored in England. Charles I was replaced by his son Charles II.
Cromwell's Head
Cromwell's Head 7 minutes
Philosophers of the Enlightenment
Journal: Are all of us really created equal or is it true that some people are better than others? Explain your answer.
Main Idea: The freedoms we enjoy today are the result of philosophers using reason to improve society.
Notes are T-Notes from the MME
Main words on left in reddish pink, definitions and explanations on the right in yellow.
New MME as of 3/12
Enlightenment Video Watch Here
Additional information on Hobbes vs Locke in detail
Enlightenment Philosophers T-Notes
Red (Vocab) Yellow (definitions)
_________________________________________________________________
Enlightenment *many thinkers were influenced by the Scientific Method
and by the discoveries of scientists in the Enlightenment.
*philosophers hoped to use scientific method and reason
to solve society's problems as well.
*this included: government, the economy, religion, and
education.
*the movement reached its peak in the 1700s, right as the US
was about to be born. The US would be one huge experiment
Thomas Hobbes *English philosopher.
*believed human beings are selfish and wicked
*without government, it would be every man for himself and
total anarchy.
*men needed government to keep humans under control
Social Contract *Hobbes said men will give up some freedom for protection
*a government needs total poweer
*the only effective leader is an absolute monarch
Journal: Are all of us really created equal or is it true that some people are better than others? Explain your answer.
Main Idea: The freedoms we enjoy today are the result of philosophers using reason to improve society.
Notes are T-Notes from the MME
Main words on left in reddish pink, definitions and explanations on the right in yellow.
New MME as of 3/12
Enlightenment Video Watch Here
Additional information on Hobbes vs Locke in detail
Enlightenment Philosophers T-Notes
Red (Vocab) Yellow (definitions)
_________________________________________________________________
Enlightenment *many thinkers were influenced by the Scientific Method
and by the discoveries of scientists in the Enlightenment.
*philosophers hoped to use scientific method and reason
to solve society's problems as well.
*this included: government, the economy, religion, and
education.
*the movement reached its peak in the 1700s, right as the US
was about to be born. The US would be one huge experiment
Thomas Hobbes *English philosopher.
*believed human beings are selfish and wicked
*without government, it would be every man for himself and
total anarchy.
*men needed government to keep humans under control
Social Contract *Hobbes said men will give up some freedom for protection
*a government needs total poweer
*the only effective leader is an absolute monarch
John Locke *Human beings basically tend towards good
John Locke in 3 minutes *Humans can learn from experience and improve themselves
(Warning: Several bad words) *People should be able to govern themselves
*All people are born free and equal
*All people are born with certain NATURAL RIGHTS
*The biggest are life, liberty and property
Purpose of the Government *to protect each person's rights
*if the government fails to protect rights, people have the
right to overthrow the government and start a new one.
***This was very big to the Founding Fathers! Remember, the British was quartering soldiers in American homes, was taxing colonists without representation, and was violating habeas corpus.
The Founding Fathers drew heavily from John Locke.
Rosseau human beings are born good, not evil, and are corrupted by human nature.
babies are born as tabula rasa, blank slates
influence on Locke
The Philosophes *French philosophers
*influenced by Englishmen Locke and Hobbes
*believed one could use Reason to solve all of society's problems *Five Basic Philisophe Concepts
1. Reason *could lead men to truth
2. Nature *there are Natural Laws governing all things
3. Happiness *a person living under and with natural laws will be happy
4. Progress *a society of reasoned people will improve over time.
5. Liberty *all human beings deserve to live free of Oppression.
Voltaire *used satire as his main tool of protest
*attacked Church, Nobility and King
*was kicked out of France twice
*lived in England and liked how the Parliament had more
power than the king.
*freedom of religion and freedom of speech
*most famous work is Candide
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Enlightenment Ideas and the United States
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