The French Revolution



The Causes of the French Revolution

Main Idea: The French Revolution was caused by poor government, royal absolutism, wars, Enlightenment ideas about government, and an unfair system that rewarded the wealthy while hurting the poor.
      1. Poor government: French kings had all but bankrupted France on war and lavish spending.
      2. Inequality: There were three estates (levels of people) in France, called the Three Estates

                  First Estate: The Church: owned 10% of the land. Provided public services such as                                                     schools, orphanages and hospitals. Paid 2% in taxes

                 Second Estate: The Nobles. Owned 20% of land, paid zero tax
                 Third Estate--everybody else, 98% of the population, from the upper middle-class down to                  peasants. Paid almost all the taxes. Peasants, 80% of the population, paid 50% tax rate,                        including church tithe. 
    3. Estates General---parliament. Each of the estates represented but each get 1/3 of the vote. Third             Estate always outvoted.

     4. Bourgeoisie--the upper middle class. educated. had gotten enlightenment ideas on government            from the Revolution in the United States and the writings of philosophers. 
     5. Enlightenment Ideas---Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood
    6. Louis XVI needs money, forced to call Estates General for first time in 175 years.
    7. Crop failures lead to shortages of food for the poor.
    8. Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette waste large amounts of money on luxuries and war.
    9. Third Estate locked out, forms own government at a Tennis Court, the Tennis Court Oath creates           the National Assembly.
    10. Louis XVI calls in mercenaries to Paris. People storm the Bastille fort to get guns and                         ammunition on July 14, 1789. Bastille Day is France's fourth of July or Independence Day. 

MME
Video Links: Causes of the French Revolution Part One
The Storming of the Bastille, July 14, 1789. 
Causes of Revolution Song
The Guillotine 
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette 

The French Revolution, Part Two

Main Idea: The French Revolution began under the control of educated moderates who wanted slow and small change.  It was then hijacked by the radical Jacobins who wanted total change, death to the monarchy, and a bloodbath.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man
  • Similar to our Declaration of Independence
  • passed by National Assembly August 1789
  • Influenced by Thomas Jefferson and the American Revolution
  • Believed men have "Natural Rights"
  • Social Contract, Locke's and Rousseau's  natural rights, Montesquieu's Separation of Powers
  • copied by many European nations
  • 1790 a French statesman tried to get women included but was voted down
  • Storming of the Bastille at 30:00 Bastille
  • Declaration of the Rights of Man
  • Watch the Video HERE
Not notes:  Extra Credit Opportunities

Extra Credit Opportunities
Morris Spring Trimester 2018

1.  Make a political cartoon showing the situation in France at the time of the French Revolution.  Can show any aspect you want, but must be labeled and historically accurate.  Must also be done in dark lead or ink, and colored.  Points for creativity, message, and effort.  Should be at least the size that fits on a piece of computer paper.

2.  Research the French Republic playing card deck.  It’s pretty amazing.  All references to royalty were removed, and the cards had to reflect the new Republic’s ideals of equality, freedom of slaves, women’s rights and so forth.  Reproduce one of the cards from the deck, front and back, in color, in a three by five size, (no photocopies) and tell what everything symbolizes.  (oll.libertyfund.org/pages/new-playing-cards-of-the-french-republic).

3.  The French Republicans also made a new calendar based on science and reason.  Pick a month, make a calendar page of that month, illustrated, in color, (no photocopies) and on a separate sheet explain the meaning of the month, the original month, and why the month was changed.  For more points, give the name of each DAY as well. 




French Revolution Part 3
Main Idea: The Radicals hijacked the revolution from the moderates, and tried to completely change French society along Humanist principles. They killed or imprisoned those who disagreed with them in the Reign of Terror, and finally the French were so tired of the killing that they turned on the Jacobins and formed a new government. 
Part Two: Crash Course: Start at 3:19

Three groups in the National Assembly
  • Conservatives--wanted slight change--Constitutional Monarchy
  • Moderates--wanted a democracy like the United States
  • Radicals--wanted a complete change at all levels of society
  1. Louis XVI tries to escape and is captured and imprisoned with his family
  2. Other nations attack France, afraid the revolution could spread
Jacobins come to power
  1. Jacobins-- the most radical sect of the left wing.
  2. The king is executed for treason 1793
  3. Violence spreads
  4. Guillotine--invented by a French doctor, this device was actually a humane alternative to traditional execution with an ax. It was used 16,000 to 40,0000 times during the French Revolution.
  5. Phrygian Cap-- a cap originally worn by freed Roman slaves, it became the headgear of the French revolutionary.
  6. Marseillaise--The song of the French Revolution, it became the French National Anthem.
    Hear the song and see the translation here.
    Words frequently used in national anthem lyrics
  7. · Radicals/Jacobins attempt to ‘restore order’ by killing everybody who disagrees with them
    · Sans-culottes: name for revolutionaries, means did not wear knee britches but long pants
  8. · Maximilien Robespierre: Jacobin leader of the revolution

  9. · Extreme changes in French society, from cards to the calendar
    · Committee of Public Safety: formed by Jacobins to keep order, but persecuted those who disagreed.
    · The Reign of Terror: the time when the Jacobins killed their enemies. 3,000 killed in this short period, over 85% Third Estaters. 40,000 killed altogether in FR.
    · Marie Antoinette guillotined
    · French sick of killing, turn on Robespierre, he is guillotined
    · 1795: New Assembly formed:
    Bicameral legislature

    Five man executive known as Directory
    Needed a military leader to save France, picked Napoleon Bonaparte
    Excellent video overview in cartoon form of the French Revolution
    The Fall of Robespierre

Group Teaching
French Revolution
Morris 2018

You will be in small groups of three and will be assigned one of the following topics.  You will need to present a five-minute presentation to the rest of the class about your topic.  Must be presented in visual format such as a poster, large pamphlet or MME (PowerPoint) and must contain key facts about the topic, including names, places and dates as necessary.  You will need to cite your sources.

1.  Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
2.  The Storming of the Bastille
3.  The Women’s March
4.   The Escape of Louis
5.   The Tennis Court Oath
6.   The Guillotine
7.   The Reign of Terror
8.   The Republic:  Playing Cards, Calendar, Clothing, Church
9.   The Jacobins
10.  The Three Estates
11.   Robespierre, leader of the Jacobin Radicals
12.   The Deaths of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

Student French Revolution Project
Rubric
1-5 point scale

1.____ Assignment is informative and accurate
2.____ Assignment is visual
3.____ Effort has been made on this project
4.____ Assignment is appropriate for audience
5.____ Assignment sources have been cited correctly

6.____ Assignment is original and creative
French Republic Playing Cards



The French Republic Calendar

 Thursday, March 29
Step One: Get in groups of three
Step Two:  Divide up the Rights of Man into Preamble, and then 1-8 and 9-17.
Step Three:  Rewrite your section in modern language
Step Four:  As a group, rewrite your declaration, making it the best possible

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (August 1789)

The Representatives of the French people, organized in National Assembly, considering that ignorance, forgetfulness, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole causes of public miseries and the corruption of governments, have resolved to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, inalienable, and sacred rights of man, so that this declaration, being ever present to all the members of the social body, may unceasingly remind them of their rights and duties; in order that the acts of the legislative power, and those of the executive power, may at each moment be compared with the aim and of every political institution and thereby may be more respected; and in order that the demands of the citizens, grounded henceforth upon simple and incontestable principles, may always take the direction of maintaining the constitution and welfare of all.In consequence, the National Assembly recognizes and declares, in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being, the following rights of man and citizen:

Articles:
1. Men are born free and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions can be based only on public utility.
2. The aim of every political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.
3. The sources of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation; no body, no individual can exercise authority that does not proceed from it in plain terms.
4. Liberty consists in the power to do anything that does not injure others; accordingly, the exercise of the rights of each man has no limits except those that secure the enjoyment of these same rights to the other members of society. These limits can be determined only by law.
5. The law has only the rights to forbid such actions as are injurious to society. Nothing can be forbidden that is not interdicted by the law, and no one can be constrained to do that which it does not order.
6. Law is the expression of the general will. All citizens have the right to take part personally, or by their representatives, and its formation.  It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes.  All citizens, being equal in its eyes, are equally eligible to all public dignities, places, and employments, according to their capacities, and without other distinction than that of their virtues and talents.
7. No man can be accused, arrested, or detained, except in the cases determined by the law and according to the forms it has prescribed.  Those who procure, expedite, execute, or cause arbitrary orders to be executed, ought to be punished: but every citizen summoned were seized in virtue of the law ought to render instant obedience; he makes himself guilty by resistance.
8. The law ought only to establish penalties that are strict and obviously necessary, and no one can be punished except in virtue of a law established and promulgated prior to the offense and legally applied.
9. Every man being presumed innocent until he has been pronounced guilty, if it is thought indispensable to arrest him, all severity that may not be necessary to secure his person ought to be strictly suppressed by law.
10. No one should be disturbed on account of his opinions, even religious, provided their manifestation does not upset the public order established by law.
11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man; every citizen can then freely speak, write, and print, subject to responsibility for the abuse of this freedom in the cases is determined by law.
12. The guarantee of the rights of man and citizen requires a public force; this force then is instituted for the advantage of all and not for the personal benefit of those to whom it is entrusted.
13. A general tax is indispensable for the maintenance of the public force and for the expenses of administration; it ought to be equally apportioned among all citizens according to their means.
14. All the citizens have a right to ascertain, by themselves or by their representatives, the necessity of the public tax, to consent to it freely, to follow the employment of it, and to determine the quota, the assessment, the collection, and the duration of it.
15. Society has the right to call for an account of his administration by every public agent.
16. Any society in which the guarantee of the rights is not secured, or the separation of powers not determined, has no constitution at all.
17. Property being a sacred to and inviolable right, no one can be deprived of it, unless legally established public necessity evidently demands it, under the condition of a just and prior indemnity.
[Source: Frank Maloy Anderson, ed., The Constitution and Other Select Documents Illustrative of the History of France, 1789-1907 (New York: Russell and Russell, 1908), pp. 59-61.]
Group Teaching
French Revolution

You will be in small groups of three and will be assigned one of the following topics.  You will need to present a five-minute presentation to the rest of the class about your topic.  Must be presented in visual format such as a poster or large pamphlet and must contain key facts about the topic, including names, places and dates as necessary.

1.  Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
2.  The Storming of the Bastille
3.  The Women’s March
4.   The Escape of Louis
5.   The Tennis Court Oath
6.   The Guillotine
7.   The Reign of Terror
8.   The Republic:  Playing Cards, Calendar, Clothing, Church
9.   The Jacobins
10.  The Three Estates
11.   The New National Assembly
12.   The Deaths of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette 

The Rise of Napoleon!
Main Idea:  The French Revolution became so violent and radical that the people brought back a powerful ruler--Napoleon Bonaparte. 

·         Napoleon Bonaparte: born island Corsica  1769-1821
·         Distinguished self in Revolution and had many victories against other nations trying to overthrow rev.
·         Encouraged to take over govt
·         Coup d’etat:  a takeover of the government: “blow of state”
·         N becomes first consul and dictator of France
·         Plebiscite, 1800, new vote supports strong govt, N
·         Nap brings order to France  (see page 585)
·         Fairer tax code
·         national bank
·         stable currency
·         state loans to businesses
·         Officials appointed by merit
·         public education (lycees)
·         jobs on merit not rank
·         Concordat—truce with Pope
·         code of laws (Napoleonic Code)
·         Freedom of religion
·         No social classes
       
·         Napoleonic Code:  laws, influenced European law.  
       1804 N crowned Emperor by Pope.  Takes crown and puts on own head.
·         N builds an empire, controls all of Europe but England, but sells Louisiana Purchase to US
·         Crushes opposing armies in Europe

·         Battle of Trafalgar: loses to English in Naval Battle

 Life of Napoleon

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrbiSUgZEbg

 MME The Rise of Napoleon!
The Fall of Napoleon: AKA Napoleon Go Boom!

The Fall of Napoleon

Main Idea:  By 1812, N controlled most of Europe through conquest and puppet leaders.  Within three years, he had lost everything and was exiled.

·         Josephine-Napoleon's wife.  N divorces her and marries an Austrian noblewoman to ally with Austria-Hungary.
·         Napoleon II--born 1811.  Nap's heir
·         Napoleon I--I love power the way a musician loves his violin
·         Napoleon's Three Big Mistakes:
o     1. Blockade of England--backfires when English Navy blockades France
o    2. Peninsular War--War with Portugal, N. loses 30,000 men.
o     3. War with Russia----Nap attacks R for  selling wheat to England  invades summer 1812
Grand Army--soldiers from conquered nations, less loyal
o   Scorched Earth---R destroys crops, animals, poisons wells as F advances
o   R makes it to Moscow but empty   -35 degrees.
o   Only 10,000 of original 300,000 make it home to France
o   Nap's enemies attack him.
o   1814 Nap exiled to Elbe
o   1815 Nap escapes, regains throne
o   Other nations attack F, 
o   Nap defeated at Battle of Waterloo
o   N exiled to St. Helena

o   N dies of cancer on St. Helena 1821 age 52

Thursday and Friday Videos


T-Notes Hard Copy

Napoleon Go Boom

Vocab/Term                                    Details
 Napoleon                                       controlled almost all Europe by 1812
                                                        within two years would be exiled
                                                        first worry--He needed a male heir
                                                        Josephine failed to bear him children
                                                        divorced her and married an Austrian Noblewoman
                                                        alliance between Austria and France
Napoleon II                                     born in 1811
Napoleon                                         love of power was a dangerous failing
                                                         "I love power the way a musician loves his violin"
Nappy's 3 Costly Mistakes            1. Blockade of England 
                                                           designed to hurt British trade and increase Fr, trade
                                                           E. retaliates and it hurts F more
                                                       2.  The Peninsular War
                                                             N. attacked Portugal
                                                             N. lost 300,000 troops in war
                                                        3. The Invasion of Russia
                                                             invaded R for selling grain to England
                                                             June 1812
                                                             Grand Army--soldiers from all over Europe
                                                             less loyal to N
Russia                                             scorched-earth policy
Napoleon                                        ordered a retreat temperatures 35 below zero
                                                       only 10,000 of 300,000 survived
                                                       1814 Russia, Austria and Prussia enter Paris
                                                        1814 Napoleon banished to island of Elbe off Italy
                                                        1815 escapes from Elba and returns to France
Waterloo                                          Nappy's army defeated
Napoleon                                         shipped to St. Helena Island in S. Atlantic
                                                         died 1821 of stomach ailment, perhaps cancer  52



The death of Napoleon

French Revolution and Napoleon Review 2018
Morris

This guide is comprehensive but does NOT include all questions on the test.  Some questions will come from video notes or MMEs so look over those notes as well.

1.       Give five causes of the French Revolution
2.       Name the three Estates in France, who was in each, how much land each had, and how much tax each paid.
3.       Be able to explain why the tax system in France was unfair.
4.       The King of France at the time of the revolution was ____ and the Queen was _______.
5.       Why was this king so slow to respond to the needs of his people?
6.       The name of the original legislative body in France was the ________.
7.       How did Enlightenment ideas help cause the French Revolution?
8.       Name some important enlightenment ideas.
9.       The Revolution began on _____ (month, day, year) with this event. ______________
10.   The ___ Estate left the E.G. and formed a new government, the ___________ in ___.
11.   The revolution began with this part of the Third Estate.____________.  Why?
12.   The new constitution in France was called the _______.  It had ___ articles and was very much like the _________________.
13.   The revolutionaries wore the _______ cap as well as pants called _______________. What is the importance of each?
14.   The _________ party got control of the revolution. Who was its leader?
15.   What are several things that the Jacobins did once in power as far as the church, the calendar, and such?
16.   The Jacobins started a period called the _____________________ in which _____ people were executed on the __________________.  This device was invented for this reason:____________
17.   ________________were killed in the French Revolution.
18.   Why did the French get tired of the revolution?  What happened to Robespierre and many Jacobins?
19.   What replaced the National Assembly in power?
20.   Napoleon was born on ____________. How did this influence his early life?
21.   How did Nap become so popular in France?
22.   Give five things Nap did to improve France.
23.   Did Nap do things that followed the goals of the revolution?  Name some.
24.   Did Nap do things that went against the goals of the revolution?  Name some.
25.   Napoleon named himself first _____ of France.
26.   Name the “three big mistakes” Nap made after coming to power.
27.   Why was each a mistake?
28.   Why was France attacked after the war with Russia?
29.   What happened at the Battle of Waterloo?
30.   Where was Nap banished the first time? What happened?
31.   Where was he banished the second time? What happened?
32.   Was Nap a great leader, a mediocre leader, or a bad leader?  Why do you think so?
33.   Nap married ______. How did she help his career?
34.   Why did Nap divorce her? Who did he marry and why?
35.   Name four nations at war with France in the early 1800s.



T-Notes:  Napoleon's Fall and the Congress of Vienna

Red (key terms)                          Blue  (explanations)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
After Napoleon                           Europeans wanted to prevent another nation from getting                                               too much power.
Five Great Powers                           Met in Vienna, Austria in 1814-1815     

The Big Five                                    1. Prussia
                                                         2. Russia
                                                         3. Austria
                                                         4. England
                                                         5. France
Klaus von Metternich                      Austrian foreign minister and most influential member
                                                         Nobleman, did not trust democratic or revolutionary 
                                                            movements in France or England
                                                         wanted monarchs to rule

Metternich's Three Goals                 1.  surround France with strong nations
                                                              a. weak nations around France strengthened,
                                                              b. 39 German states become German Confederation
                                                              c. Switzerland neutral
                                                              d. Netherlands (Holland) created
                                                          2. restore the balance of power
                                                          3. restore kings to throne in Europe
                                                              kings will restore order
How Effective Was It?                      kept peace for over 30 years, till 1853
                                                          wouldn't last forever
                                                          

MME

You Say You Want A Revolution

YOU SAY YOU WANT A REVOLUTION?                                                                                   
Primary Source Study/Multi-Media Extravaganza
"Revolution"  LENNON/MCCARTNEY
You say you want a revolution
Well, you know
We all want to change the world
You tell me that it's evolution
Well, you know
We all want to change the world

But when you talk about destruction
Don't you know that you can count me out

Don't you know it's gonna be alright
Alright, alright

You say you got a real solution
Well, you know
We'd all love to see the plan
You ask me for a contribution
Well, you know
We're all doing what we can

But if you want money for people with minds that hate
All I can tell you is brother you have to wait

Don't you know it's gonna be alright
Alright, alright, al...

You say you'll change the constitution
Well, you know
We all want to change your head
You tell me it's the institution
Well, you know
You'd better free your mind instead

But if you go carrying pictures of Chairman Mao
You ain't going to make it with anyone anyhow

Don't you know know it's gonna be alright
Alright, alright


1.        What kind of revolution are the Beatles referring to here?


2.       Is it true that we all want to change the world?  If so, how?  If now, how not?


3.        What kind of revolution do the Beatles not want to participate in?


4.       The Beatles write that people want to change the constitution, but they’d be better off freeing their minds instead?  What does this mean, in your opinion?


5.        What do the Beatles think about the chances of success of a violent revolution?  How can you tell?


6.        What do you see as a possible revolution in your lifetime?  It can be any kind of revolution, from governmental, to environmental, to scientific, to technological. Why or why not?  If so, what do we need to do?

The Beatles Revolution

Monday, April 18

Beatles Revolution and MME on Revolution

Happy Boy Goes to Cubs Game
Congress of Vienna Map                                                                                                     Name

Europe in 1817--Morris


Directions:  Using page 596 in your book, do all of the following:
1.  Make a key in the rectangle provided.  Need compass rose, scale, and colors if you change them.
2.  Cities:  London, Paris, Rome, Vienna, Brussels, Madrid, Naples, Milan, Berlin
3. Label the following and color them just like the book, or else provide a key:  France, Spain, Portugal, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Prussia, Small German States, Denmark, Kingdom of Norway and Sweden, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, Switzerland, Austrian Empire, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Lucca, Naples, Corsica, Kingdom of Sardinia, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Papal States, Tuscany, Modena, Switzerland, Parma.
4. Label these water bodies:  Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, North Sea, Atlantic Ocean
5. Draw a red border around the edge of the German Confederation.
Map on right




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General Information for Mr. Morris's Classes

August 30, 2017 Contents of this Home Page 1.  Course Description 2.  Trimester Project Description World History 9 ...