The Renaissance

The Renaissance






The Renaissance Begins

Main Idea: Due to the Crusades, the Plague and the 100 Years War in the 1300s, Europe changed from a feudal, uneducated society to a secular, nationalistic, humanistic society.


Vocabulary

  • Renaissance: French for 'rebirth'. The rebirth of Classical learning after the Middle Ages from 1300 to 1600. 
  • Why the rebirth?
    • Crusadescontact with Muslim learners
    • reintroduction to Greek and Roman learning
    • Trade and the Growth of Towns and Universities
    • Stronger central governments for protection

  • Classical Learning: the learning of ancient Greece and Rome
  • Secular: not religious
  • Humanism: the study of classical texts that focused on man's human potential for achievement, knowledge and greatness
  • Italy: Ren. started here because of the wealth created there by the Crusades
  • Florence: birthplace of the Renaissance. 
  • Patron: a wealthy person who supports the arts
  • Before Renaissance, almost all art has Church as patrons. New patrons more secular
  • Nationalism--love of nation rather than just small feudal area
  • Fall of Constantinople (1453)--When it falls to the Muslims, all the learning of the eastern empire moves to Rome.
  • Video: Intro to Renaissance
MME Introduction to the Renaissance

 Is War Ever Justified?  The History of the Christian position, and a Modern Approach.  Student Writing Project

 Links
Just War Theory
Debate:  Should We Have Dropped the Atomic Bomb?
Yad Vashem:  Bombing Auschwitz Controversy
BBC: Ethics and War
BBC:  Christianity and War
Should We Have Dropped the Atomic Bomb?  Essays Yes and No
Why Didn't We Bomb Auschwitz?

Five-Paragraph Essay Rough Draft Sheet                                                                               Name
Is War Ever Justified?  Why or why not?


1.  What do you think?  Is war ever justified? Why do you think so?


2.  Write your answer above as a thesis sentence such as:  “War is never justified because…”, “War is only justified when…”, or something along those lines.  Voila!  Thesis sentence.



3.  In the space below, list the times when you think war is justified.  You can either have three different reasons (one per paragraph) or one reason with three supporting facts. 
Examples:
                Three reasons:  The chicken crossed the road to get to the other side, to visit Farmer Jones, and
                                to see the new Star Wars movie.
                One reason, three facts:  The chicken crossed the road to get to the other side.   She did this
                                because her health club was over there, because she planned to go visit her friend
                                Gladys, and because she had an appointment to go parachute-less skydiving.







4.  Now it’s time to find evidence supporting your thesis and your reasoning.  List each website below and make sure that it is a reputable site.  Have at least one piece of information from at least two different websites.  Direct quotes, put in quotation marks.  If you are paraphrasing, you can just say, “according to the BBC,” and that will do it. 





5.  Turn this sheet in at the end of class for credit.  If you are planning on working on the essay at home, take a photo of this sheet before you go, or copy the web addresses.   Have a rough draft by Thursday (five paragraphs).  It must be hand-written, neatly.  Rough draft may be in pencil.  Final must be in blue or black ink.   If hand-written, it MUST be double-spaced and readable.  Make sure it has:
                1.  A title
                2. An opening paragraph with a thesis.
                3. Three supporting paragraphs
                4.  A conclusion, which restates the thesis. 

                5  A list of sources (they do not have to be in final format)

Rubric: Just War Essay 100 points

1.____ Correctly worded Thesis Sentence                           (10 points)
2.____  Title                                                                                       (5 points)
3._____ Rough Draft Attached                                                  (5 points)
4._____ Supporting paragraphs support thesis                  (30 Points)
5._____ 2 citations, cited in text and at end                          (10 points)
5._____ Conclusion that restates thesis                                                (10 points)
6. _____ Ink (Blue or Black), Neat, and Double-Spaced (15 points)
7._____ Conventions:                                                                   (15 points)
 Spelling
 Caps
 Punctuation

 Sentence Structure 


Notebook Check February                                                                                                 
Notebook (5 points each except #10 Study Guide)
1.____ Middle Ages Begin
2.____ Roman Catholic Church
3.____ Charlemagne
4.____ Feudalism
5.____ Chivalry/Women/Children
6.____ Martin Luther King, Jr.
7.____ Cathedrals
8.____ High Middle Ages
9.____ Triple Whammy (Plague, 100 Years War, Great Schism)
10.____ Study Guide Answers High Middle Ages Test (10 Points)
11.____ Renaissance Begins
    Notebook Section Possible =  _______/60 points

Flap (5 points each)
1.____ December Notebook Rubric
2.____ Escape to Bone Group Activity
3.____ Castle Quiz
4.____ Middle Ages Map
5.____ Dark Ages Quiz
6.____ Crusaders Skeleton Notes
7.____ Study Guide HMA Test
8.____ High Middle Ages Test
9.____ Can War Be Just?
     Flap Section = _____/45 Points

Total              = __________/105

Tuesday, February 13
Renaissance Part Two:  Humanism

Main Idea:  The life of people in the Renaissance became more secular and humanistic in the Renaissance, with interest in the world rather than just in religion.
  • Secular: not religious
  • Humanism: the study of classical texts that focused on man's human potential for achievement, knowledge and greatness
  • Italy: Ren. started here because of the wealth created there by the Crusades
  • Florence: birthplace of the Renaissance. 
  • Patron: a wealthy person who supports the arts
  • Before Renaissance, almost all art has Church as patrons. 
  • New patrons more secular
  • Fall of Constantinople (1453)--When it falls to the Muslims, all the learning of the eastern empire moves to Rome.
  • Medici--Powerful family in Florence, produced two popes and a French queen.
  • Machiavelli--Italian politician, military man, and philosopher who wrote "The Prince"
  • The Prince--book by Machiavelli about how to rule
  • Amoral--neither moral nor immoral. All about getting it done.
Video: Intro to Renaissance

Watch the MME

Da Vinci's Notebooks
Da Vinci: The Man who wanted to know everything
Watch New MME

Wednesday, February 14
Renaissance Art
Main Idea: Renaissance imitated and improved upon Classical art, It was realistic, humanistic and creative.


  • Medieval Art--flat, no perspective, religous
  • Renaissance Art---depth, perspective, religious and/or secular
    • classical references
    • perspective
    • vanishing point
    • realism
    • light and shadow
Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa

Mona Lisa
Last Supper

Last Supper


Michelangelo
La Pieta
La Pieta

Sistine Chapel
Sistine Chapel
David
David

Thursday, Feb 15

 Gutenberg and the Invention of the Printing Press: Books and the Vernacular
1.  The Printing Press

Main Idea: The invention of the printing press in Germany by Johannes Gutenberg allowed for the fast spread of ideas all over Europe. It also allowed regular people to read books and newspapers for the first time.


  • Moveable Type: invented in China, later came to Europe. One block has a raised symbol on it that can be combined with others on a frame to create a page of text. The symbol can then be reused on another page.
  • Printing Press: 1455, invented by Johannes Gutenberg, allowed for the quick spread of the written word and ideas. Without the printing press, there could have been no renaissance or reformation.
  • By 1500, there were printing presses in 250 European cities, and in just 45 years, more than 9 million books had been printed. Before, every book had to be printing by hand, one letter at a time.\
  • Vernacular--the spoken language of an area.  Before, all books were in Latin.  Now, with more people reading, books were in the native languages.


Video: Gutenberg's Printing Press

MME
Trade, Towns and VERNACULAR




Dante's layers of hell
Canterbury Tales
Don Quixote

Martin Luther Leads the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg

Watch Powerpoint Here

Main Idea:  New ideas about Christianity began to spread, aided by the printing press.   A German priest named Martin Luther broke away from the Catholic Church, forming the first true Protestant church.

  • Protestant:   Christians who have broken away from the Roman Catholic church in protest and disagreement
  • Reformation:  a time when people tried to reform (improve) Christianity.
  • Problems in the Catholic Church:
    • Corruption
    • Indulgence:  a ticket or piece of paper that a person could buy that would forgive sins or excuse them from having to do penance.  Basically, a 'ticket to heaven'.  
  • Martin Luther
    •  German Catholic priest and teacher
    • Angry about corruption and indulgence
    • Man is saved by faith
    • Man does not need church for salvation
    • Bible should be in vernacular
  • Johan Tetzel--man who sells indulgences for church
  •  95 Theses—Luther’s 95 arguments with the Catholic church.  Nailed on church door at Wittenberg.
  • Luther breaks from church, forms his own church—Lutheran church.  Many German princes support him because don’t want to pay taxes to Rome 

An Introduction to the Protestant Reformation
Reformation Indulgences
Recommended Viewing if you miss both lessons:  The full movie Martin Luther: The Movie

Thursday, February 16

Other Protestant Leaders


1. John Calvin--started church that disagreed with Catholic church, and also taught predestination


Predestination---the belief that God has determined all human beings' fate before they existed.
Why important? US settled by Puritan Calvinists.
"The Elect"--those chosen before birth for heaven.  Proof  is success and hard work.  

2. Henry VIII -- King of England

  • Broke from Catholic church when pope refused to annul his marriage
  • Named himself head of the Church of England and got his divorce.
  • Not a doctrine split, just one for his own convenience.  
  • Counter-Reformation---Church reforms itself--finally.
Henry VIII  
The Vatican
USS Essex

Friday, February 17

The Scientific Revolution







Powerpoint Here

Main Idea: In the 1500s, European scientists began to question accepted beliefs, using Muslim learning and that of the classical age to assist them. They came up with many brilliant new discoveries using the Scientific Method and new tools such as the microscope and the telescope.


  • Geocentric Theory--the view, held by the Catholic church, that the earth is the center of the universe and that all planets revolve in circular orbits around it.
  • Heliocentric Theory--Copernicus. the planets revolve around the sun. This was so controversial that he did not release it until shortly before his death.
  • Kepler--expanded on Copernicus. planets move according to mathematical principles and move in ellipses not circles.
  • Galileo--believed heliocentric theories, later recanted when threatened by church. Also first good use of telescope.
  • Francis Bacon-English. Prove it! Scientific Method.
  • Rene Descartes--French. Skeptic. Same as Bacon. Prove to be true.
  • Isaac Newton--English. law of gravity. universe is a giant clock run by God.
New Inventions--

  • telescope---Leeuwenhoek
  • fahrenheit and celsius--mercury thermometer
  • William Harvey-- heart is a pump
  • Jenner-smallpox vaccine
  • Boyle--earth made up of small particles of matter, not the four elements

Videos to Watch if Gone
1. Jenner and the Smallpox Vaccine
2. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and the Microscope
3. Galileo's Telescope
4. Galileo: A Short Biography
Exploration

Powerpoint HERE



Hard Copy of T-Notes
Age of Exploration—Morris


Yellow Words Vocabulary                              Red Explanations


Humanism                                                       encouraged Europeans to do great things

Crusades                                                           encouraged exploration
                                                                          Caused a rebirth in trade with Middle East



Africa and Asia Many                                    new foods and spices—nutmeg, ginger,                                                                                                 cinnamon, and pepper gave taste to bland European foods


Italian Merchants                                           controlled trade with the east


Europeans                                                   wanted to eliminate Italians and Muslims and trade directly
                                                                    Needed a sea route to Asia
                                                                    Wanted to spread Christianity


Problem                                                       no ship that could sail into the wind
                                                                    3,000-mile voyage

Caravel                                                     invented 1400s
                                                                 Triangle sails, could sail into the wind


Bartolomeu Dias                                          first to sail around bottom of Africa


Astrolabe                                                        allowed sailors to measure latitude using stars


Portugal                                                              first great exploring nation


Prince Henry the Navigator (Portugal)                   sailing school for exploration


Portugal                                                           settled west coast of Africa


Christopher Columbus                                   sailed west to find passage to Asia and India but found                                                                          Caribbean Islands instead 1492

Vasco de Gama                                          reached India 1498
                                                                  27,000-mile voyage made him a hero


Treaty of Tordesillas 1493                             divided all of earth in two between Spain and Portugal
                                                                      Eastern products flooded European markets



Ferdinand Magellan 1521                                      claimed the Philippines for Spain, sailed
                                                                                around world


Holland                                                             colonized East Indies and South Africa East India Co.


By 1600                                                    most of N, Central and South America had been claimed

Cortez                                                        Mexico 1519-1521




Videos: Watch if gone: These are all very short. The longest is five minutes.


Study This
Morris

1.  Renaissance meaning.  Year Ren started.  Where it started.
2.  What caused Ren?
3.  Classical Learning.
4.  Patron.  Medici.
5.  Humanism
6.  Secular
7.  Ren Art.  How different?
8.  Match artists with their work.
9.  Realism, shadow, perspective.
10.  Printing Press.  Inventor.  Importance.
11.  Vernacular. 
12.  Martin Luther.  Reasons for Change.  How saved according to Luther?
13.  Why Luther breaks away?
14.  What is reformation?  What is a Protestant?
15.  Geocentric.  Heliocentric.  Galileo vs. Church.
16.  Humanists and scientific method.
17.  Reasons for new ideas in science?
18.  Newton, Leeuwenhoek, Fahrenheit, Celcius, Harvey, Jenner, Boyle
19.  How crusades encouraged exploration.
20.  Why European nations wanted sea trade routes.
21.  Caravel. Astrolabe.
22.  Prince Henry the Navigator.  Portugal.
23.  Dias, Vasco de Gama, Magellan, Cortez. Columbus.
24.  Treaty of Tordesillas.
25. That’s all.

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General Information for Mr. Morris's Classes

August 30, 2017 Contents of this Home Page 1.  Course Description 2.  Trimester Project Description World History 9 ...